Indigenous Igbo Ways of Deceiving Spirits

By

Obododimma Oha

I thought spirits were more clever and intelligent and no smartness of mortal beings could reveal their vulnerability. But Igbo folklore, especially indigenous management of illness, says that that is not correct. That indigenous knowledge understands spirits that are supposed to inhabit another reality as being subject to carelessness, stupidity, shallow-mindedness, greed, and lust.In Greek mythology, don’t we see Zeus descend from his Olympic heights to befriend and have babies with the daughters of men? Lecherous Zeus! Even his wife at Olympus would learn of his loose sexuality and infidelity and start raving. But Zeus would be undeterred and go ahead even to protect and claim the illegitimate children. Was it not how some illegitimate children that resulted from that infidelity got divine protection and favour? Even the wife of Zeus had to equalize in this infamous return match of befriending mortals. Virgin birth. Yes; that was one way it all started!

In that light, indigenous Igbo people may not be entirely wrong in representing the divine as also being fickle-minded, not just righteous and upright. In thinking that human thinking may be superior to that of spirits, humans in their representations try to humanize the latter; that is, give them human attributes, re-create them in human image and likeness, so that they could be as foolish and as stupid as we could be sometimes. One aspect of indigenous Igbo folklore where this could be seen is the management of illness. It should be noted that indigenous Igbo idea of illness is that every ailment has psychological, physical, and spiritual causes. In that case, a headache is not only a physical thing or the aching of somebody’s head. It could also be from one spirit that he or she has annoyed and it could affect his or her reasoning. That means that the person's harmony has been disrupted, and restoring the person to full health means restoring the harmony or balance. It is for Ifa or Afa to confirm with its final diagnosis and which must be urgently attended to.

In trying to restore spiritual harmony and pacify an angry spirit, the spirit may be deceived with sacrifice, told that the target is dead, or the target may be removed and kept private at a faraway place!

Being deceived with sacrificial meal (what that spirit likes much and cannot resist) is laughable but shows how greedy that spirit could be. Imagine falling to deception because of food. That spirit must have taken its stomach as the most important thing. Such a spirit is not a good weapon of war. Does it not remind us about Gideon taking his men to drink from a pool and some drank like cows without looking up, being finally discarded? It is not admirable to fall because of the stomach!

And look at feigning the death of a target, telling a whole spirit that the target is dead, that he or she should now give up. The spirit must be brainless and hardly thinks! In indigenous Igbo nomenclature, that spirit would be called “agụ otu obi”(single track-minded tiger). Agụ otu obi in the spirit would agree naively that the target is dead and that there is no need to continue! I thought that spirits should be able to scan our world and see more than we do.

Taking the target away from the “battle-field” is also another technique of deception that could “unspiritualize” a spirit, totally downgrading such a spirit and welcoming him or her to our wretched world. So, a spirit could be so unspiritual and not scan contexts in our realm to see the frightened target where he or she may be hiding? It is, indeed, in this kind of loss of spiritual power that the spirit can begin to attend nightclubs and drink several bottles of beer.

If humans can deceive spirits, why are spirits still spirits? Such spirits that fall to human art of deception are inferior to humans. They should just contest elections in Nigeria and move into Aso Rock. They may not register their candidacy with INEC. Their entry into the State House is assured.


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