Umere Nne: An Igbo Construct of Refuge

By

Obododimma Oha


Chinua Achebe articulates the place of the mother in the construction of the Igbo idea of ideal refuge, a place where we all run to and are safe, a place of solace where whatever is pursuing us should stop, think, and turn back, our beginning and end of our worries. Where else is that very well shown than in Things Fall Apart where Okonkwo mistakenly shoots and kills a human being and the narrative says that he runs to his mother’s people and lives among them as required by tradition. Not that they condone his shedding of blood but are there to signify that they are the last refuge he has. As his last refuge, his last hope, mother’s people provide him with the required restoration. Call it comfort. Mother’s people are there to remind him of his beginning. If we can recall this beginning in our difficulty, we have achieved a great therapy. It is this great therapy that he receives for the period and is restored enough to return to Umuofia. Umuofia is not indeed his home clan; it is actually a place of the real exile and he has to hesitate to return to this place of exile with all it offers.

Umere nne (mother’s place, literally translated) is a place that is like no other. The nwadịala of that umere can invade any farm and walk away after harvesting plantain, coconut, pear, or any other crop that offers itself to the outsider-insider! Imagine, where the fellow did not sow! No one would have the heart to press a charge or make noise that his or her property has been violated; the wise ones only beg. With nwadiala (literally “son of the land”), there is no trespass in the kingdom of that kinship. In fact, one should be happy that the nwadiala has extended his or her blessing to the owner of that property.

Sounds strange, not so? Especially if one has grown up in Western individualistic culture that privileges selfishness and does not understand extended family “nonsense.” Imagine that fellow entering our farm as if it is his or hers and cutting that plantain courageously! It is theft! Nothing else! I will sue the fellow’s arse! What a shitty nonsense! Let me just call 911 or get a good attorney! I will sue the fellow’s arse!

Do you see one area where African (Igbo) tradition still clashes with Western life? Do you see that the Igbo who have lived in the individualistic West may have a problem with this and so also the courts, a hybrid system combining Western and local African laws, also in a predicament. In fact, in many cases, one could safely call that system imperialistic and colonial. The West may still be ruling its African colonies from the courts, privileging Western legal life over the African? That ruler that imposes foreign laws on you is ruling you still. Do you see that Oduche symbolically imprisoned his community and not just the royal python in the box? Africans have, in the so-called “postcolonial period,” continued their colonization by taking over the imperialistic instruments and enforcing them. Today, when they go to Chatham House to chatter and try to legitimize their nonsensical enslavement, the West applauds that these are the real mumu they want. So, descendants of Oduche, what is that prisoner is your ancestral box?

Umere nne is not in conflict with ụmụnna, except that if ụmụnna raise unnecessary dust and make us uncomfortable, umere nne can ask why. The umere nne, as a strong voice, would rise to give voice to the nwadiala. The umere nne would ask on behalf of nwadiala and ụmụnna cannot ignore that voice. Umere nne is a strong voice.


Umere nne reminds one about mother as a symbolic presence. It is not a presence that the wise should dispense with in that culture. It is not just a satellite of one’s space; it is core. What bothers me is that some modern Igbo are quick to wave it away and are waving away a great value, or do not try to service this great beginning standing in symbolic relation with the womb from which one has emerged. But umere nne is waiting, always waiting with open arms to receive Okonkwo back and restore him.

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