ịwa anya & ịjụ anya oyi

by


Obododimma Oha



wa anya (roughly translated as being courageous and confident, even fearless and ready to demand one’s rights) is central to Igbo training of successors, as opposed to ịjụ anya oyi (being cowardly, literally translated as being “cold-eyed”). Incidentally, both literally have to do with the eyes, for it is with the eyes that we behold the world around us! Yes; it is about how we see experience and respond to it. Do we respond to register our presence or to erase it? Can you see why the Igbo emphasize it in training successors, whether one’s children or one’s apprentices of various kinds? One rascal in our village who got the lesson very well put it this way: “The meat has been divided on the plantain leaf on the ground and people are taking their shares. If it does not get to me, if I am excluded, then I will definitely scatter the shares and we start afresh or there is no going forwards.”
wa anya does not mean slicing one’s eyes with a knife, as it would literally suggest. Good enough that those eyes are open, quite open. It is when they are open that they can see that the sharing of meat mentioned above involves injustice. The eyes that are blocked, that look away, or that pretend that the sharing is fair when it is not, are simply “COLD,” too cold to for the processing of experience.

It is good that ịwa anya is also about cognition and awareness. How do we see the world around us? To see that something is black and to call it white is to present distorted cognition; it is designed to mislead or may provoke us into taking a closer look to see that the person has lied, is interested in revealing the nature of falsehood. In this case, ịwa anya is not only to our gain but has implications for other observers around. They have to know what a thing is not, and to realize that seeing black and  calling it white is the onset of disorder, a design to enact disorder --- what you say is right is right; if you call something X, then it is X. In fact, the character, Humpty-Dumpty, in Alice in Wonderland, has a relative in the person, if not a clone!

This is why the Igbo make it central in the upbringing lessons they give their children. You must know your rights and refuse to be “pocketed.” You must insist on having your rights. That requires understanding the self and understanding the other, to know when your rights are neglected. jụ anya oyi means that you are present and your interest is not accommodated; yet it means nothing to you. You want to be seen as the good person around, yet you are eventually not seen as one. In fact, you are seen as a fool, a big fool. That you  have foolishly sacrificed your interest actually means that you cannot be trusted or entrusted with ”our interest” to protect.

Secondly, the person given to ịjụ anya oyi carries the problem of others on his head. He likes being blamed for the sins of others; he is the lamb of stupidity that wants to wipe away the sins of all stupid people and likes it when he is used as a shield and suffers for others or dies for them.

The student of ịwa anya does not play an avatar where it is not necessary, or try to justify evil in order to be praised. The student of ịwa anya teaches the world to be courageous and vocal in confronting injustice. Such a student is consistent in opposing what is wrong anywhere.

The idea of ịwa anya makes a man go where his type is obviously detested or people would not think of going. There the man makes his home and brings over more of his detested kind. This creates additional discomfort for those initially opposed to his presence. But he trusts his rugged mind. He trusts his ịwa anya to see him through and it does. wa anya tells him, “Jebe; egwu atula gị” (Go; do not be afraid) and he goes. He becomes a pathfinder!

Some people may misconstrue their ịwa anya as pure orientation to aggression. Indeed, it is necessary for him to approach dislike with a sense of confidence. To some extent, we need an aggreesive spirit to be able to wrestle with the angel till dawn and to hope to win at the end. To lack aggression in whatever we do is to lack drive and to become students of ịjụ anya oyi. Yes; we need aggression to confront the world. This was one reason that in ili ozu (burying a corpse) in Uli, one of the ritual animals used (in traditional rites) is nkịta the dog. The dog sees things we do not see and confronts it, barking. The dog is presented (kept in front of the body lying in state). I was told that, in the past, that eyes of living dog were gorged out and placed in the hands of the dead man. That was horrible; you  would say. And it was. Death is more horrible and has been a performance of horror! The idea in that pagan tradition was that the gorged eyes stand for sight and insight, which would guide the soul of the dead in the dark portals of alammụọ the land of spirits. The point then is that aggression is still relevant to the life of an individual and society.

This philosophy of ịwa anya jettisons fear from the person’s dictionary. It is the spirit that promotes exploration and discovery. Recall that I pointed out initally that ịwa anya involves “open eyes” while ịjụ anya oyi involves lowering the eyes or gaze, even shutting them. In that case, the student of ịwa anya can see what others cannot see because they are casual or do not fully apply themselves as self-reliant beings.
wa anya is awareness, I have stated. jụ anya oyi does not promote awareness; does not ask us to be fully awake to know what is going on around us; tells us to fall asleep!

A very good model of ịwa anya that I see today is the life of the young Igbo business person who takes a plunge into the dark waters leading to faraway places like Australia, Malaysia, China, etc., in search of his future. He gets there and eventually starts a legitmate business (I know that some misuse their ịwa anya in bad things). Call him “an economic refugee” or whatever you like, but his survival is his business, period. He will return home better, tougher, richer, wiser, and build a big mansion in his village. His mates are still around; some shot dead in ordinary flag-waving protest. In fact, those that challenged their chi to a wrestling bout and acted on ịwa anya are free from that terrible land that devours its inhabitants and can travel internationally any time, even though they do not have any degree; not even ordinary school certificate. Iwa anya was the education they needed and had and in which they live and have their being.

If you ask me, I would choose ịwa anya and wrestle with my chi instead of being an endless student of ịjụ anya oyi, trying to please others who would never be pleased  and being seen as a BIG fool.



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