The Igbo and the Idea of Testing One’s Words with One’s Teeth before Uttering Them


By

Obododimma Oha

The Igbo have some interesting folk theories about discourse. One of such is expressed idiomatically as “Ita okwu eze (were  ekwu)” (literally, testing words with one’s teeth before uttering them). You would ordinarily the teeth have to do with speech and with people. Quite a lot! These local people, in the first place, do not have to sit in a phonetics class before knowing that the teeth may be primarily designed for chewing or for nutrition, but also functions as modifiers of the stream of air escaping from the body, from which we found sound-related signs of communication.  The teeth are actually made to interfere with the air as the owner of the teeth and custodian of the escaping stream of air wishes. Talk of prison break! But the stream of air is not your prisoner, though. You first of trapped it through  inhalation, and now you are exhaling, allowing the air to escape!

Testing one’s word with one’s teeth is not the same as chewing one’s words. The latter is a distorting meant to defraud through discourse, or maybe the person had an accident and is suffering from some kind of aphasia! That one is chewing one’s words can be as a result of speech defect or temporary hold-up in the speech, maybe from an emotional problem or loss in choosing the right word. Whatever maybe the case, the person is held up, is hesitating, stalling, and waiting to make the right word choice. If the person makes a mistake in the choice, this may be retracted and the speech repaired with a better choice. Psycholinguists call this “self-repair.”

But if one is testing the word options “with one’s teeth,” that gives us a figurative idea of conscious selection; the speaker has not yet made any mistake in the utterance. The person is making judgments, weighing the situation, just like a newly  acquired chick hanging one of its legs to study the homestead first, before putting it  down. Studying your movements and your faces to know whether hostility is written on them! Is the testing of the words with the teeth not a way of saying that the speaker must have what sociolinguists would call communicative competence? Part of what the person is checking is the context of the interaction, the person being addressed and the nature of the relationship with the addresser, the appropriate or inevitable medium of the exchange, etc. It could be on Facebook and somebody has replied a post in an annoying way, showing even total ignorance of what one has written. Maybe the responder did not even have the patience and humility to read the entire update. Further, the responder may not even be human; the responder may even be a virus designed to make you squander your time arguing endlessness! OK; the entity may be human but the update does not know this entity or may not have had previous interactions with the bug! Since the trouble maker is unknown to the updater, the latter would naturally take into consideration this unknownness and tread cautiously in the relationship before responding. That certainly calls for ita okwu eze.

If the responder is a human virus, the updater even has greater cause to test words with the teeth, for they cannot tell where  the debate would lead and what in reality they are. There is life after Facebook netizenship. Maybe we will meet in mall. Maybe the person you will need to to and meet the same person you are attacking ferociously in his or her office, live! And you just need help! Yes; there is life after the faceless netizenship; so, you need to test your word choice with your teeth!
One important issue that comes up in this checking of one’s word choice with the “teeth” is the analogy contained in the idea of the reading of text as a “consumption” of the text. The text is perceived as food! Yes; why not? The reception of the text is through the ear (and in case of visuality) through the eyes, followed by processing, in which the brain is actively involved. The processing would involve some sort of sorting out, rejection and acceptance, substitution, comparison with previous messages, etc. Let us say that there is an intrapersonal communication that has to be settled first, before the interpersonal in which  an entity tries to “feed” another through some “sharing.” So,  processing a text is a consumption of the text.

Another angle that bothers me as someone who consumes texts all the time from students’ assignments, Facebook updates and comments, twitter, WhatsApp, etc is that this consumption may entail diarrhoea, constipation, insomnia, restlessness, and all kinds of psychological disorientation. We do not often think that teachers or examiners, as readers of writings, may feel frustrated or angry because of what we have written for them to read. They are still human beings with emotions! So, no matter how they are enjoined to be impartial and led by their marking guides to maintain uniformity in the marking, there is always that psychological response occasioned by the wrong construction, wrong content, distortion of fact, lame or absent logic, etc. And who suffers the consequence? The owner of the script! It will definitely show in the reader’s attitude. So, when teachers correct errors in the writings of their students, they are doing them a great favour, posturing as their future or hypothetical readers. Who would taste a badly prepared or badly presented food and not wink?

One’s piece of writing is, therefore, one’s representative: it goes forth to speak, to present one’s face , before readers. One’s piece of writing writes about one. That is one reason we must be careful when we speak or write, especially for the public. Pontius got it, without knowing it: what one has written has been written and cannot be withdrawn. Even if withdrawn later, it was once written and will be remembered one day. That is why it is good to listen to ancient Igbo who enjoined us to test our words with our teeth before someone else does the tasting! That person is only tasting and not testing the words!

When I listen to those ancient Igbo and their folk theorization of discourse, I hear them say, after taking a pinch of snuff and clearing the nostrils: Okwu din a nka (Talk requires craft or involves craft). We lose touch with their wisdom when we write or say anything we like, anything that enters our heads. Those ancients called it imetari ihe (Doing things anyhow) or ikwutari okwu (Saying anything that enters our heads). Ikwutari okwu undermines ita okwu eze. If the speaker tests the words with the teeth before uttering them, that speaker would know whether the words are hard or soft, whether the words would likely be received and processed, etc. Some guesswork is definitely involved, but one has weighed the words first, becoming its first assessor.

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